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Chemistry notes

Matter, energy. Measurement of Matter.

Matter, Changes in matter, Structure of an Atom, Molecule

Mechanics of liquids and gases. The Atmosphere and Weather.

Heat. Temperature. Fahrenheit and Centigrade temperature scales. Coefficient of linear expansion. Thermal stresses.

Standard Temperature and Pressure. Gram-molecular weight. Mole. Avogadro’s Law. Boyle’s law. Charles-Gay-Lussac’s law. Kelvin, Rankine temperature scale. Perfect-gas law. Kinetic Theory of Gases. Vapor pressure. Partial pressure. Dalton’s Law of partial pressures. Absolute and relative humidity. Dew point.

Heat. Calorie, British thermal unit. Heat capacity. Specific heat. Method of mixtures. Changes of phase. Heat of fusion, vaporization. Sublimation. Evaporation. Liquefaction of gases. Critical temperature and pressure. PVT surface.

Mechanical equivalent of heat. Thermodynamics. Internal energy. PV diagram. Enthalpy. Molar heat capacity. Isobaric, isovolumic, isothermal, and adiabatic processes.

Chemical bonds. Electrovalent, covalent and coordinate covalent bonds.

Chemical bonding. Valence. Oxidation number. Determining chemical formulas. Naming of compounds. Balancing chemical equations.

Gram-equivalent weight

Ways of expressing concentrations of solutions. Solute, solvent. Molarity, Formality, Normality, Molality, Mole fraction. Dilution problems.

Acids, bases, salts. Normal solutions. Titration.

Solutions. Solubility. Laws of ideal dilute solutions. Raoult’s law. Osmosis and osmotic pressure. Van’t Huff’s Law. Henry’s law.

Colloids

Types of chemical reactions: Exothermic, endothermic, combination, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, combustion, acid-base, oxidation-reduction, hydrolysis. Heat of formation. Chemical equilibrium. Law of mass action.

Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) reactions. Valence. Oxidation number. Oxidizing and reducing agents.

Electrochemistry. Ion. Electrolyte. Electrolysis. Electrolytic cell. Anode. Cathode. Ionic compound. Electroplating. Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. Electrode potential. Voltaic cell. Dry cell. Daniell cell. Gravity cell. Lead storage battery. Thermoelectricity. Seebeck effect. Peltier effect. Thomson effect.

Periodic table

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