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  EXAMPLES OF INNER PRODUCTS DEFINED ON VARIOUS ABSTRACT SPACES                                                               



Examples of inner products defined on various abstract spaces:



1. Space Rn of all n-tuples of real numbers. The usual inner product defined on this space is the dot product


             ole.gif


where ole1.gif and ole2.gif .




2. Space Cn of all n-tuples of complex numbers. The usual inner product defined on Cn is the dot product


             ole3.gif


where u = (u1, u2, .... , un) and v = (v1, v2, .... , vn).




3. Vector space of mxn matrices over R. The following is an inner product on this space:


            (A,B) = tr (BTA)


where tr stands for trace, the sum of the diagonal elements.




4. Vector space of mxn matrices over C. The following is an inner product on this space:


            (A,B) = tr (B*A)


where B* denotes the conjugate transpose of the matrix B.



5. Vector space of real continuous functions on the interval a ole4.gif t ole5.gif b. An inner product on this space is given by:



                         ole6.gif  





6. Vector space of complex continuous functions on the (real) interval

a ole7.gif t ole8.gif b. An inner product on this space is given by:



             ole9.gif  



7. l2 - space (or Hilbert space) consisting of all infinite sequences of real numbers (a1, a2, .... , an , ...) satisfying


             ole10.gif


An inner product on this space is given by :


     ole11.gif



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