i.e. the conjugate of the vector
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INNER PRODUCT AND INNER PRODUCT SPACE
The inner product as defined for abstract vector spaces is an abstracted form of the dot (or scalar) product of complex n-dimensional Euclidean space. It is the abstract vector space equivalent of the dot product of complex n-space Vn(C). It is an opaque, axiomatic one. As in the definitions of many other concepts of abstract mathematics a set of axiomatic requirements are stated that must be met. These requirements or postulates derive from a list of properties of the inner product of complex n-dimensional Euclidean space. Before giving the definition let us review the properties of the dot product of complex n-space Vn(C).
Conjugate of a vector. If X is a vector having complex numbers as elements, the vector
obtained from X by replacing each element by its conjugate is called the conjugate of X and is
denoted by
i.e. the conjugate of the vector
is
.
Inner (or dot or scalar) product of two complex n-vectors. Let
and
be two vectors whose elements are complex numbers. Then their inner product is given by
Laws governing inner products of complex n-vectors. Let X, Y and Z be complex n-vectors and c be a complex number. Then the following laws hold:
Def. Inner Product. Let V be an abstract vector space over the field F where F is either the field of real or complex numbers. An inner product on V is a function which assigns to each ordered pair of vectors x, y in V a scalar in F, called the inner product x•y, such that the following axioms hold
The inner product of two vectors is usually denoted by the notation “(x, y)” instead of the dot notation x•y. In this notation the above four axioms are
where c is a scalar and the over-bar denotes complex conjugation.
Def. Inner product space. A vector space on which an inner product is defined.
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