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         LINEAR SPACE (ABSTRACT VECTOR SPACE)




The definition of an abstract vector space is an obscure, abstruse, axiomatic one as are the definitions of many concepts of modern, abstract, axiom-based mathematics. A set of abstract algebraic laws or properties are stated as postulates that must be satisfied in order for the system to qualify as a vector space. These postulates derive from a list of properties of n-dimensional space.



Def. Linear Space (or Abstract Vector Space). A linear space is a set V of elements, called vectors, of an arbitrary nature for which the concepts of a sum and scalar multiplication (i.e. a product by a number) make sense, which is closed with respect to addition and scalar multiplication, and which satisfy the following postulates for any element x, y and z in V and any scalars a, b and c in a number field F:


  1. (x+y) + z = x + (y+z)

  2. There exists a "null" element 0 such that x + 0 = x for every x in V

  3. For every element x there exists an opposite -x such that x + (-x) = 0

  4. x + y = y + x

  5. 1x = x for the unit 1 in F and for all x

  6. a(bx) = (ab)x

  7. (a+b)x = ax + bx

  8. c(x+y) = cx + cy


Postulates 1 through 4 are equivalent to the statement that V is an Abelian group with addition as the group operation.




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